英语形容词,副词及动词短语..ppt

1、以字母 e 结尾加 r 或 st fine finer finest late later latest nice nicer nicest,单音节词和少数双音节词 一般情况加 er 或 est fast faster fastest high higher highest clever cleverer cleverest,重读闭音节、末尾只有一个辅音 字母时双写加 er 或 est fat fatter fattest big bigger biggest thin thinner thinnest,以辅音字母加 y 结尾变 y 为 i 加 er 或 est early earlier e

2、arliest easy easier easiest lucky luckier luckiest,部分双音节和多音节词 在词前加 more 或 most slowly - more slowly - most slowly easily - more easily - most easily carefully - more carefully - most carefully,good/well better best many/much more most little less least far farther farthest ( far further furthest ) b

3、ad/badly/ill worse worst,表示三者或三者以上（人或事物）的比较用最高级，最高级的前面一般要加定冠词the，后面可带of（in,among）短语来说明比较的范围 *Shanghai is the biggest city in China. *Lucy sings (the) best of all. *He is the most careful among us.,3) 在表示 “和一样” 和 “不及” 这类概念时，可以用 “as+原级+as” 和 “not as（so）+原级+as”的句型 *Our teacher is as busy as before. *He

4、 does not run so (as) fast as I.,可用much, still, a little, even, far,three years等表示程度的状语来修饰比较级 *She is much taller than Mrs.Liu. *He is three years older than I. *This problem is a little more difficult than the other one.,几种比较级的使用句型 1.“ 比较级 + and + 比较级 ” 表示“ 越来越 ” *Your English is getting better and

5、 better. 你的英语越来越好了。 *These days more and more people are learning English. 现在学英语的人越来越多了。,2. “the + 比较级，the + 比较级” 表示“ 越就越 ” *The more, the better. 越多越好。 *The busier he is, the happier he feels. 他越忙越高兴。,.“ more (less) than ”表示 “不止，不到” *She is more than thirty. 她三十多岁了。 *The lightest weighs less than 5

6、0 kilograms. 最轻的不到五十公斤。,.“more or less”表示“差不多，或多或少” *The problem is more or less solved. 这个问题差不多已经解决了。 *Is it straight? More or less. 它直吗？ 差不多吧。,用or连接两项需作比较的内容时，须用比较级；若or连接三项或三项以上的内容时，则须用最高级 *Who is taller, Mary or Jane? *Which is the biggest, the sun, the moon or the earth?,掌握几种同义句转换 1. He is talle

7、r than any other student in his class. = He is taller than the other students in his class. = He is taller than any of the other students in his class. = He is the tallest (student)in his class,I prefer maths to English. =I like maths better than English. 4. The box is too heavy for him to carry. =

8、The box is so heavy that he cant carry it. = The box is not light enough for him to carry.,系动词 一、分类 1.表示状态变化的系动词。 become , get , go , grow , turn 2.表示感官的系动词。 look , feel , smell ,sound , taste 3.表示持续的系动词。 keep , stay , remain 二、用法 系动词+adj 系动词无被动,专题八动词分类及动词短语,助动词,协助主要动词构成谓语动词的词叫助动词。助动词是语法功能词，自身没有词义，不

9、可单独使用。 1帮助构成疑问句或否定句句式的助动词有do, does, did 及其否定形式。如： Did you go home last week? 上周你回家了吗？ 2帮助构成时态的助动词有be, have, shall, will等。如： We are playing an interesting game. 我们正在玩一个有趣的游戏。,系动词亦称连系动词。本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语。具体分类及用法如下： 1状态系动词：只有be一词。如： They are always very happy. 他们总是很高兴。 2持续系动词：表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有

10、keep, remain, stay, rest, lie, stand。如： I hope youll keep fit. 我希望你将一直保持健康。,系动词,专题八动词分类及动词短语,3表象系动词：表示“看起来好像”，主要有seem, appear, look等。如： My mother seems very satisfied with my progress. 妈妈对我的进步似乎很满意。 4感官系动词：表示“起来”，主要有feel(摸起来，感觉), smell(闻起来), sound(听起来), taste(尝起来，吃起来)等。如： This kind of cloth feels ve

11、ry soft. 这种布摸起来很柔软。,专题八动词分类及动词短语,5变化系动词：表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run等。如： The small town is becoming busier and busier. 小镇变得越来越忙碌。 6终止系动词：主要有prove, turn out(结果是，证明是)等。如： My plan turned out a success.我的计划成功了。 提醒有些系动词也是实义动词，可单独作谓语。如： He fell ill yesterday.他昨天病了。,专题八动词分类及动词短

12、语,情态动词,情态动词表示说话人的语气、情态，无人称和数的变化。情态动词有自己的词汇意思，但不能独立作谓语，其后须跟动词原形。使用频率较高的情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, need, shall (should), will (would)及半情态动词have to, had better。 1can和could (1)can(could)表示说话人能、可以、同意、准许，以及客观条件许可做某事。could可表示委婉语气。如： Could I borrow your pen? 我可以借你的钢笔吗？,专题八动词分类及动词短语,(2)can 意为“能、会”时

13、相当于be able to (适用于各种时态)，can 和could 只能用于现在时和过去时。如： A few months later, Ill be able to swim alone. 几个月后，我将能单独游泳。 (3)cant表示否定推测。如： That cant be Mr Wang. He has gone to Beijing. 那肯定不是王老师。他已经去北京了。,专题八动词分类及动词短语,2may和might may (might)意为“可以”，表示说话人同意、许可或请求对方许可，也可表示祝愿。might 是may 的过去式，表示可能性更小、语气更加委婉。如： May I

14、take some photos here? 我可以在这儿拍照吗？ May you be happy.祝你开心。,专题八动词分类及动词短语,3must和have to (1)must 意为“必须，应该，一定，准是”，表示说话人认为有必要做某事，或命令、要求别人做某事以及对事物的推测。如：He must be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工作呢。 (2)must 和 have to 的区别： must 表示说话人的主观意愿；have to 表示客观需要。如： I must do my homework first. 我必须首先做家庭作业。 It is rainin

15、g hard outside. I have to stay at home. 外面雨下得很大，我不得不待在家里。,专题八动词分类及动词短语,4need的用法 need 表示“需要，必须”。主要用于否定句和疑问句中，否定形式为neednt，表示“没有必要，不必”；回答need引导的问句时，肯定回答用must，否定回答用 neednt。此外need还可以作实义动词使用。如： Need we do some cleaning now? No, you neednt. “我们必须现在大扫除吗？”“不，你们不必。” I need to see the doctor now. 我现在需要看医生。,专题八

16、动词分类及动词短语,5shall 和will shall用于第一人称的句子表示提建议或请求；will用于第二人称疑问句表示征求意见或提建议。如： Shall we go out for a walk? 我们出去散步好吗？ Will you go shopping with us? 你要不要和我们一起去购物啊？,专题八动词分类及动词短语,6should和would should用于各种人称的句子中，强调义务或责任；would是will的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，可用于多种人称，表示意愿。如： You should study harder. 你应该更加努力学习。 He said he

17、would visit the Great Wall the next year. 他说他明年将游览长城。,专题八动词分类及动词短语,7had better had better意为“最好”，没有人称的变化，后接不带to的不定式。如： You had better exercise more. 你最好多锻炼。,专题八动词分类及动词短语,动词短语,1.动词+away构成的短语：,throw away put away give away take away run away go away,扔掉 把收好 捐赠，分发 拿走 潜逃，跑开 走开,动词短语,2.动词+for构成的短语：,call for

18、 plan for hope for ask for send for go for pay for wait for look for,提倡，要求 打算，为计划 希望，期待 请求，寻找，需要 派人去请 努力获取 偿还，赔偿 等待 寻找,动词短语,3.动词+on构成的短语：,try on put on have on hold on carry on keep on go on get on come on,试穿，试验 穿上，上演 穿着，戴着 别挂断；坚持住 继续开展， 继续 继续 上（车、船） 赶快,动词短语,4.动词+over构成的短语：,come over hand over go ov

19、er get over look over think over take over turn over,过来 移交 仔细检查，复习 克服，恢复 检查 仔细考虑 接受，接管 翻转,5.动词+up构成的短语：,bring up call up come up cut up fix up give up go up grow up look up make up put up pick up set up send up show up turn up take up,抚育，培养 召唤，打电话给 走进，上来 切碎 修理 放弃 上升，增长 长大 尊敬，向上看，查寻 虚构，弥补，组成 举起，搭建;张贴

20、 捡起,(开车)接某人，偶然得到 建立，创纪录 发射 揭露，露面 出现，把调高一点 占据;开始从事,6.动词+out构成的短语：,work out look out turn out put out come out break out set out keep out go out wear out run out give out,算出 当心，小心 结果证明是 扑灭，熄灭，伸出 出来，开花，出版，发行 战争、火灾、洪水爆发 着手，出发，起程 把-挡在外面 出去，熄灭 穿破 用完 放出、发出（光、热等）；耗尽、用完；筋疲力尽,动词短语,7.break +介词/副词的短语：,break dow

21、n break out break through break off break up break in break into break away,出故障，身体垮掉 爆发 突破，突围 中断，突然停止 打碎，分解，驱散 插话 破门而入 突然离开，逃脱，脱离,动词短语,9.call +介词/副词的短语：,call after call back call up call on call in call off,以-命名 召回 征召入伍，给某人打电话，使想起 号召，拜访某人 召集 取消,e +介词/副词的短语：,come in come from come about come over com

22、e out come by come up come across come after come back come around come down,进来 来自于 产生 过来 出来，出现，出版 从旁经过 上来，走进 偶遇 跟着-来 回来 恢复知觉，回来 下来，倒塌,动词短语,11.cut +介词/副词的短语：,cut in cut across cut off cut up cut down cut out,插嘴，插入 抄近路 切断 切碎 砍倒，削减 切掉，裁剪出,动词短语,12.get +介词/副词的短语：,get through get in get on get off get ac

23、ross get along get away,通过，度过，打通（电话） 进入，陷入 上车，进展，融洽相处 下车，下来 通过，被理解 进展，融洽相处 离开，脱身,动词短语,13.give +介词/副词的短语：,give up give in give away give over give off give out give back,放弃 屈服，投降 赠送，捐赠，泄漏 移交，交出 放出（气味），发出 分发,放出(光、热) 归还,动词短语,8.bring +介词/副词的短语：,bring about bring back bring down bring in bring out bring

24、up,使发生 拿回来，使恢复 打倒，降低，推翻 引进 出版，生产 培养，养育,14.go +介词/副词的短语：,go ahead go along go around go away go beyond go by go down go up go for go off go over go through,着手，开始（做），进行 进展，前进 到处走动，顺便访问 离去，走开 超过 过去，流逝 下降 上升 喜欢 离开，停止 复习，温习 经历，穿过,动词短语,15.look +介词/副词的短语：,look after look up look around look at look down lo

25、ok for look into look out look through,照顾，照料 查阅 环顾 看 朝下看 寻找 调查 当心 浏览，检查,动词短语,16.take +介词/副词的短语：,take away take down take in take off take on take over take pictures take care of take up take it easy take me for example,拿走 写下，记下 欺骗；吸收，吸纳 起飞；脱下 承担；呈现；开始雇佣 接收，接管 照相 照顾，照料 占据；开始从事 别紧张 以我为例,动词短语,17.turn +

26、介词/副词的短语：,turn about/ round turn against turn away turn back turn up turn down turn in turn into turn off turn on turn out turn to,(使)向后转，转身 (使)反对(某人) 转过脸去，拒绝 往回走 调高，出现 调低，拒绝 上缴，上交 (使)变成 关掉 打开 生产，结果是 求助于，转向,动词短语,18.put +介词/副词的短语：,put aside put back put down put forward put in put off put on put out

27、put up,把-放在一边，积蓄 把-放回原处 放下，镇压 提出，建议 放进 推迟，拖延 穿上，戴上，增加，上演 扑灭；熄灭 举起，张贴,中考透视,()1. 2011山西 The talented boy _ write lyrics when he was at the age of ten. Amay Bcould Cmust Dis able to,Bcan 意为“能，会”时，相当于be able to。此句是过去时，故选B。,专题八动词分类及动词短语,()2. 2012天津 The cloth _ very soft and comfortable. Asmells Btastes C

28、feels Dsounds,Cfeel soft and comfortable是系表结构，意为“感觉很柔软很舒服”。,专题八动词分类及动词短语,()3. 2012株洲 That man _ be my English teacher. He has gone to Canada. A. neednt Bmustnt Ccant Dcouldnt,Ccant表示否定推测。,()4. 2012绵阳 School students _ smoke because it is against the school rules. Aneednt Bcouldnt Cwont Dmustnt,Dmust

29、nt表示“明令禁止”。,专题八动词分类及动词短语,()5. 2011莆田 What a nice coat! Ill take it. But youd better _ first. Im afraid it may be small for you. Atry it onBpay for it Cput it on,Atry on意为“试穿”，为“动词副词”构成的短语，it为人称代词，应该放在动词和副词中间。,专题八动词分类及动词短语,() 6. 2011东营 Many people complain that some of KFCs in China _ the price of a hamburger by one yuan. Arose Braised Cdropped Dcontrolled,B此处的raise为及物动词，指价格的上涨。,专题八动词分类及动词短语,() 7. 2012宜昌 The math exam is coming. Im very nervous. Just _. Im sure youll do well in it. Amake progress Bpay attention Ctake it easy Dlook out,Ctake it easy意为“放松，别紧张”，符合题意。,专题八动词分类及动词短语,